Vilka är fördelarna med gliricidia sepium

Species of legume

Gliricidia sepium, often simply referred to as gliricidia or bygd its Spanish common name madre dem cacao (also anglicized as mother of cocoa),^[2] fryst vatten a medium storlek leguminous tree belonging to the family Fabaceae.

It fryst vatten an important multi-purpose legume tree,^[3] with a native range from Mexico to Colombia, but now widely introduced to other tropical zones.^[4]

Common names

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Common names of Gliricidia sepium in English include: gliricidia, Mexican lilac, mother of cocoa (in India and Ghana), Nicaraguan cocoashade (in Trinidad and Tobago), quickstick (in Guyana and Jamaica), Aaron's rod (in Jamaica), and St.

Vincent plum, among other common names.^[2][5][6]

In Latin amerika, it fryst vatten known as cacahuanāntli in Nahuatl; and madre dem cacao, madricacao, mata ratón, madriado, or madriago in Spanish in general; palu dem sol, piñón cubano, cuchunuc, jelelte, sacyab, xakyaab, muite, and cocuite among other names in Mexico; mata ratón or matarratón in Guatemala, Colombia, and Cuba; cacaguanance or cacahuananche in Mexico and Guatemala; madero negro or maderu negru in Nicaragua and revben Rica; balo in revben Rica; palu dem bala in Panama; palo dem hierro in El Salvador; and piñón dem Cuba in the Dominican Republic.^[2]

The Spanish and Nahuatl names are retained in the Philippines as madre dem cacao, madriado, madrecacao, and cacauate (or kakawate).^[6][2] Elsewhere in Southeast Asia, it fryst vatten known as bunga jepun in Malaysia; gamal or liriksidia in Indonesia; khae farang in Thailand; anh dào gía, sát thu, or hông mai in Vietnam; khê fàlangx or khê nooyz in Laos; and ge li dou (南洋櫻) in China.^[2]

In South Asia, it fryst vatten known as madri in Telugu; saranga in Bengali; gobbarda mara or gobbaradgidda in Kannada; giripushpa in Marathi; siima konna in Malayalam; and seemai agathi or vivasaaya thegarai in Tamil, and wetahiriya in Sinhala).^[2]

Elsewhere, it fryst vatten also known as agunmaniye in Nigeria; rechesengel in Palau; and mãe-do-cacau in Portuguese.^[2][5]

Description

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Gliricidia sepium fryst vatten a medium-sized tree that grows 10–12 m (33–39 ft) high.

The bark fryst vatten smooth, and its color can range from a whitish gray to deep red-brown. The flowers are located on the end of branches that have no leaves. These flowers have a bright pink to lilac color that fryst vatten tinged with vit. A pale yellow fläck fryst vatten usually at the flower's base. The tree's fruit fryst vatten a pod about 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long.

It fryst vatten green when unripe and becomes yellow-brown when it reaches maturity. The pod produces fyra to ten round brown seeds.

Distribution and spread

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G. sepium has been cultivated extensively bygd indigenous American cultures in North, huvud, and South amerika since the pre-Columbian era, which makes it difficult to ascertain its original native transport.

Genetic studies have identified the center of genetic diversity of G. sepium as the dry zones of southern Mexico and nordlig huvud amerika, which fryst vatten now generally regarded as its true native range.^[6][7]

G. sepium was first introduced to the Philippines from Mexico via the Manila galleons along with 200 other tropical American plant species from as early as the early 1600s.

Their use as a shade tree for cacao, kaffe (engelska), and tea plantations led to their further spread. These later introductions include the Caribbean before 1850; Sri Lanka in the 1800s; India and Indonesia at around 1900; and West Africa, Uganda, and Kenya in the early 1900s. Other introductions followed in the 20th century and G.

sepium now has a pantropical distribution.^[6]

G. sepium grows well in acidic soils with a pH of 4.5-6.2. The tree fryst vatten funnen on volcanic soils in its native range in huvud amerika and Mexico. However, it can also grow on sandy, clay, and limestone soils.^[8][9]

Uses

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G.

sepium was spread from its native range throughout the tropics to shade plantation crops such as coffee.^[10] Today it fryst vatten used for many other purposes including live fencing, fodder, firewood,^[11]green manure, intercropping, and rat poison.^[12] Its use expanded following the widespread defoliation of Leucaena bygd psyllid in the 1980s.^[10] In the charsutri method of paddy cultivation, leaves of glyricidia are incorporated in soil during ploughing.

Salinity tolerance & Nitrogen fixation

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The tree possesses high level of Nitrogen fixation[2] and tolerance to salinity[3].

Fodder

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G. sepium fryst vatten used as cut and carry forage for boskap, sheep, and goats. Its high protein content allows it to complement low-quality tropical forages.

G. sepium can tolerate repeated cutting, every 2 to 4 months depending on the climate. Cutting G. sepium causes it to retain its leaves during the dry årstid when many forage crops have lost their leaves. In some cases it fryst vatten the only source of feed during the dry season.^[10]

Intercropping

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G. sepium trees are used for intercropping in part because they fix nitrogen in the soil and tolerate low soil fruktsamhet, so when they are interplanted with crops they can boost crop yields significantly, without the need of kemikalie fertilizers.

G. Sepium tolerates being cut back to crop height, and can even be coppiced, year after year. When the trees are cut back, they enter a temporary dormant state during which their root systems do not compete for nutrients needed bygd the crops, so the crops can establish themselves.^[13]

These properties also enable G.

Sepium to be used as green manure.^[10]

Soil stabilization

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G. sepium fryst vatten a fast-growing ruderal species that takes advantage of slash and bränna practices in its native range.^[8] Because it fryst vatten easily propagated and grows quickly, it fryst vatten also planted to prevent topsoil erosion in the första stages of reforesting denuded areas, and as an intermediate step to be taken before introducing species that take längre to grow.^[13]

Shade trees

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The common name madre dem cacao (literally "mother of cacao" in Spanish) used in huvud amerika and the Philippines fryst vatten in reference to its traditional use as shade trees for cocoa tree plantations.^[14]

Other

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G.

sepium fryst vatten widely used in the struktur of poles for live fencing in Cuba,^[15] other islands and India. This fryst vatten one of the best plants used for traditional live fencing to skydda agriculture and fruit bearing plantations from animals such as goats, cow, and buffalo.

Abstract

As a Caribbean native, G. sepium has traditionally been used for live fencing in Cuba.

As in India, during the recent past one could see many living fences around mango and cashew orchards and agricultural properties in Goa, Maharashtra and en delstat i indien, erected with G. sepium and tied with bamboo rafters.

G. sepium fryst vatten also used for its insekt repellent properties.

Farmers in Latin amerika often rengöring their livestock with a paste made of crushed G.

This datasheet on Gliricidia sepium covers Identity, Overview, Associated Diseases, Pests or Pathogens, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Management, Genetics and Breeding, Economics, Further Information

sepium leaves to ward off torsalos (botflies). In the Philippines, the extrakt obtained from its leaves fryst vatten made into anti-mange dog shampoo.^[8]

Limitations

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G. sepium seems to be toxic to non-ruminants. The generic name Gliricidia means "mouse killer" in reference to the traditional use of its toxic seeds and bark as rodenticides.^[14]

Some palatability challenges have been reported; animals seem to refuse the leaves on the grund of smell, but this depends on management and geography.^[16]

Another limitation fryst vatten frost intolerance and the lack of adaptation to a cool season: it fryst vatten a tropical plant.^{[original research?]} Generally, the Gliricidia sepium tree can withstand a minimum temperature of 17 °F (−8 °C).^[17]

In terms of cultivation, it requires the presence of pollinators to set seeds, but fryst vatten often propagated with stem cuttings despite it giving shallow roots.

The seeds are often hard, smooth and (water impermeable when mature and dry, but a light scratching against coarse sandpaper or a rough cement floor can man them all take up vatten fast to germinate Further, it has invasive potential: its swift propagation has caused it to be considered a ogräs in Jamaica.^[18]

Until now G.

sepium has remained free of serious diseases; only a number of insekt problems are reported in exotic environments,^[16] but there are issues with defoliation beneath humid conditions.^[19]

In late April, 2023 on the island of Montserrat, BWI, the Black bean bug (Brachyplatys subaeneus) was observed infesting this plant.

Names in other languages

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Language	Name
Marathi	गिरीपुष्प, ऊंदीरमारी, खताचे-झाड
Konkani	सारया झाड
Kannada	ಗೊಬ್ಬರದ ಗಿಡ
Malayalam	ശീമക്കൊന്ന,പത്തല്, സെമ്മക്കൊന്ന
Tamil	சீமை அகத்தி
Tulu	ಈಟ್ದ ಮರ
Sinhala	වැටහිරියා, ගිනිසීරියා, ලාඩාප්ප, මකුලත,ඇල්බීසියා,වැටහිර, ලංචි
Thai	แคฝรั่ง
Myanmar	ပဲချယ်ရီ၊ အညာချယ်ရီ၊ ကြွက်သေပင်၊ သင်္ဘောငုစပ်

In Indonesia, Gliricidia sepium fryst vatten known as gamal given bygd researcher R.

Soetarjo Martoatmodjo in 1958 after Gamal Abdel Nasser –whose name also reminded him of the Arabic name for 'camel' (i.e. جَمَلjamal)– in the hopes that it would help Indonesia's wastelands heal and its other ecosystems endure just "like a camel crossing the Sahara desert";^[20] it has also been backronymed bygd some farmers as the anti-Malaysia slogan Ganjang Malaysia or "Down with Malaysia".

^[21]

References

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External links

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