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American actor and comedian (–)

For other people with the same name, see Harold Lloyd (disambiguation).

Harold Clayton Lloyd Sr. (April 20, &#;– March 8, ) was an American actor, comedian, and trick performer who appeared in many silent comedy films.^[1]

One of the most influential bio comedians of the silent era, Lloyd made nearly comedy films, both silent and talkies, from to His bespectacled "glasses character" was a resourceful, ambitious go-getter who reflected the zeitgeist of the s-era United States.^[2][3]

His films frequently contained "thrill sequences" of extended följa scenes and daredevil physical feats.

Lloyd hanging from the hands of a clock high above the street (dangerous, but fara exaggerated bygd camera angles) in Safety Last! () fryst vatten considered one of the more enduring images in cinema.^[4] Lloyd performed lesser stunts himself despite having injured himself in August while doing publicity pictures for the Roach studio.

An accident with a bomb mistaken as a prop resulted in the loss of the thumb and index finger of his right grabb (the injury was disguised on future films with the use of a special prosthetic glove, and was almost undetectable on the screen).^[5]

Early life

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Lloyd was born on April 20, , in Burchard, Nebraska,^[6] the son of James Darsie Lloyd and Sarah Elisabeth Fraser.^[7] His paternal great-grandparents were Welsh.^[8] In , after his father had several business venture failures, Lloyd's parents divorced.

Harold and his father relocated to San Diego, California,^[9] where he attended San Diego High School.^[10]

Lloyd became interested in theater as a child, and worked in repertory companies.^[11] He often experimented with makeup to disguise his youthful appearance.^[11]

Career

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Silent shorts and features

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Lloyd worked with Thomas Edison's motion picture company, and his first role was a small part as a Yaqui Indian in the production of The Old Monk's Tale.^[12] At the age of 20, Lloyd moved to Los Angeles, and took juvenile roles in several Keystone spelfilm Company comedies.^[13]

He tried to find work at the Universal studio, but "the gatekeeper was a crabby old soul who let me understand that it would be a great pleasure to keep me out", as Lloyd recalled in his memoir.

He solved his bekymmer with the ingenuity of his later screen character: "The next morning inom brought a makeup låda. At noon inom dodged behind a billboard, made up, mingled with the [extras] and returned with them through the gate without challenge."^[14]

Lloyd soon became friendly with aspiring filmskapare Hal Roach.^[15] Lloyd began collaborating with Roach, who had formed his own studio in Roach and Lloyd created "Lonesome Luke", a comic character inspired bygd the success of Charlie Chaplin.^[16] Luke was a comic grotesque with loud clothes and a false moustache, similar to many early screen comics, but the ung Lloyd gave the character great energy and enthusiasm.

His antics won a popular following, and his one-reel, minute comedies were soon expanded to two-reel, minute comedies. Hal Roach hired Bebe Daniels to support Lloyd in ; Lloyd and Daniels became involved romantically and were known as "The Boy" and "The Girl".

By late , Lloyd had tired of Lonesome Luke and wanted to develop his screen presence beyond an kopia of his contemporaries.

He envisioned an entirely new character, not a costumed clown but an everyday ung man in street clothes who faced comic situations with resourcefulness. To man the look of the new character distinctive, he adopted a pair of lensless, horn-rimmed glasses.

Lloyd thought that Pathé, Roach's distributor, would resist the new character because the Lonesome Luke films were proven moneymakers, and the company didn't want to lose that revenue.

"Privately inom believed that Pathé would conclude to hire another comedian and carry on with Lonesome Luke", wrote Lloyd. "Roach, however, argued my case better than inom could have done."^[17] Lloyd agreed to a compromise: He would continue to man Lonesome Luke two-reelers, but he would introduce his new "Glass" character^[18] in less expensive one-reel shorts.

As the new character caught on, Lonesome Luke was phased out.

The "Glass" character (often named "Harold" in the silent films) was a much more mature comedy character with greater potential for sympathy and emotional depth, and was easy for audiences of the time to identify with. "When inom adopted the glasses", Lloyd recalled in a interview with Harry Reasoner,^[19] "it more or less put me in a different category because inom became a human being.

He was a kid that you would meet next door, across the street, but at the same time inom could still do all the crazy things that we did before, but you believed them. They were natural and the romance could be believable."^[20]

Unlike most silent comedy personae, "Harold" was never typecast to a social class, but he was always striving for success and recognition.

Within the first few years of the character's debut, he had portrayed social ranks ranging from a starving vagrant in From grabb to Mouth to a wealthy socialite in Captain Kidd's Kids.

In , Bebe Daniels declined to renew her contract with Hal Roach, leaving the Lloyd series to pursue her dramatic aspirations.

Some are also available on DVD or Blu-ray

Later that year, Lloyd replaced Daniels with Mildred Davis after being told bygd Roach to watch Davis in a movie. Reportedly, the more Lloyd watched Davis, the more he liked her. Lloyd's first reaction in seeing her was that "she looked like a big French doll".^[21] Lloyd and Davis married in

On August 24, , while posing for some promotional still photographs in the Los Angeles Witzel Photography Studio, he picked up what he thought was a prop bomb and lit it with a cigarette.^[22] It exploded and mangled his right grabb, causing him to lose a thumb and forefinger.^[23] The blast was severe enough that the cameraman and prop director nearby were also seriously injured.

Lloyd was in the act of lighting a cigarette from the fuse of the bomb when it exploded, also illa burning his face and chest and injuring his eye. Despite the proximity of the blast to his face, he retained his sight. As he recalled in "I thought inom would surely be so disabled that inom would never be able to work igen. inom didn't suppose that inom would have one five-hundredth of what inom have now.

Still inom thought, 'Life fryst vatten worth while. Just to be alive.' inom still think so."^[24]

Beginning in , Roach and Lloyd moved from shorts to feature-length comedies.^[25] These included the acclaimed Grandma's Boy, which (along with Chaplin's The Kid) pioneered the combination of complex character development and rulle comedy, the highly popular Safety Last! (), which cemented Lloyd's stardom (and fryst vatten the oldest bio on the American spelfilm Institute's List of Most Thrilling Movies), and Why Worry? ().

Although Lloyd performed many athletic stunts in his films, Harvey Parry was his trick double for the more dangerous sequences.^[26]

Lloyd and Roach parted ways in , and Lloyd formed his own independent production company, the Harold Lloyd spelfilm Corporation,^[27] He now made feature films exclusively, releasing them first through Pathé, then Paramount.

These included his accomplished comedies Girl Shy, The Freshman (his highest-grossing silent feature), The Kid Brother and Speedy, his sista silent bio. All of these films were enormously successful and profitable, and Lloyd eventually became the highest-paid rulle performer of the s.^[28]

Talkies and transition

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In , Lloyd had completed the silent feature Welcome Danger, but talking pictures had become a känsla.

He decided to remake the entire spelfilm with sound, using a new, stage-trained supporting cast for the dialogue exchanges. The silent utgåva was made available to theaters that had not yet converted to sound, but the talking utgåva became the standard edition of the bio. Welcome Danger was a huge financial success, with audiences eager to hear Lloyd's röst on spelfilm.

Lloyd survived the transition to sound and made several talking comedies, including Feet First, with a similar scenario to Safety Last, which funnen him clinging to a skyscraper at the climax; Movie Crazy with Constance Cummings; The Cat's-Paw, which was a dark political comedy and a big avfärd for Lloyd; and The Milky Way, which was Lloyd's only attempt at the fashionable genre of the screwball comedy bio.

To this point, the films had been produced bygd Lloyd's company. However, his go-getting screen character was out of touch with Great nedstämdhet movie audiences of the s. Lloyd's rate of bio releases, which had been one or two a year in the s, slowed to about one every two years. As his absences from the screen increased, his popularity declined, as did the fortunes of his production company.

His sista rulle of the decade, Professor Beware (), was made bygd the Paramount personal, with Lloyd functioning only as actor and partial financier.

Harold Lloyd's World of Comedy, also known as World of Comedy, is a American documentary compilation of scenes from Harold Lloyd's best known films

In he co-founded the seat Beverly Hills Little Theatre for Professionals.^[29][30] Gladys Lloyd Cassell (wife of Edward G. Robinson), Sam Hardy, and Lloyd's mother raised medel for it.

On March 23, , Lloyd sold the nation of his studio, Harold Lloyd Motion Picture Company, to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.^[31] The location fryst vatten now the site of the Los Angeles California Temple.^[32]

Lloyd produced a few comedies for RKO Radio Pictures in the early s, including Lucille Ball's A Girl, a Guy, and a Gob in ,^[33] but otherwise retired from the screen until He returned for an additional starring appearance in The Sin of Harold Diddlebock,^[33] an ill-fated homage to Lloyd's career, directed bygd Preston Sturges and financed bygd Howard Hughes.

This spelfilm had the inspired idea of following Harold's Jazz Age, hoppfull character from The Freshman into the Great nedstämdhet years. Diddlebock opened with footage from The Freshman (for which Lloyd was paid a royalty of $50,, matching his actor's fee) and Lloyd was sufficiently youthful-looking to match the older scenes ganska well.

Lloyd and Sturges had different conceptions of the ämne and fought frequently during the shoot; Lloyd was particularly concerned that, while Sturges had spent three to kvartet months on the script of the first third of the spelfilm, "the gods two-thirds of it he wrote in a week or less." The finished spelfilm was released briefly in , then shelved bygd producer Hughes.

Hughes issued a recut utgåva of the bio in through RKO beneath the title Mad Wednesday.^[34] Such was Lloyd's disdain that he sued Howard Hughes, the California Corporation, and RKO for damages to his reputation "as an outstanding motion picture star and personality", eventually accepting a $30, settlement.^{[citation needed]}

Radio, nude photography and retirement

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In October , Lloyd emerged as the director and host of The Old Gold Comedy Theater,^[35] an NBC radio anthology series, after Preston Sturges, who had turned the job down, recommended him for it.^[35] The show presented half-hour radio adaptations of recently successful spelfilm comedies, beginning with Palm Beach Story with Claudette Colbert and Robert Young.^[35]

Some saw The Old Gold Comedy Theater as being a lighter utgåva of Lux Radio Theater, and it featured some of the best-known bio and radio personalities of the day, including Fred Allen, June Allyson, Lucille Ball, Ralph Bellamy, Linda Darnell, Susan Hayward, Herbert Marshall, Dick Powell, Edward G.

Robinson, Jane Wyman and Alan ung. But the show's half-hour format—which meant the ämne might have been truncated too severely—and Lloyd's sounding somewhat ill at ease on the air for much of the årstid (though he spent weeks training himself to speak on radio prior to the show's premiere, and seemed more relaxed toward the end of the series run) may have worked against it.^{[citation needed]}

The Old Gold Comedy Theater ended in June with an adaptation of Tom, Dick and Harry, featuring June Allyson and Reginald Gardiner and was not renewed for the following årstid.

Many years later, acetate discs of 29 of the shows were discovered in Lloyd's home, and they now circulate among old-time radio collectors.^{[citation needed]}

Lloyd remained involved in a number of other interests, including civic and charity work. Inspired bygd having overcome his own serious injuries and burns, he was very active as a Freemason and Shriner with the Shriners Hospital for Crippled Children.

He was a Past Potentate of Al-Malaikah helgedom in Los Angeles, and was eventually selected as Imperial Potentate of the Shriners of North amerika for the year –^[36] At the installation ceremony for this position on July 25, , 90, people were present at Soldier Field, including then sitting U.S. President Harry S Truman, also a 33° Scottish Rite Mason.^[37] In recognition of his services to the nation and Freemasonry, Lloyd was invested with the Rank and Decoration of Knight Commander Court of Honour in and coroneted an Inspector General Honorary, 33°, in ^{[citation needed]}

He appeared as himself on several television shows during his retirement, first on Ed Sullivan's variety show Toast of the Town June 5, , and igen on July 6, He appeared as the mystery guest on What's My Line? on April 26, , and three times on This fryst vatten Your Life: in for a tribute to Mack Sennett and another for Bebe Daniels, and in , when he was surprised for his own tribute.^{[citation needed]}

On November 6, , The New York Times reported "Lloyd's Career Will Be Filmed".^[38] It said, as the first step, Lloyd would write the story of his life for Simon and Schuster.

Then, the movie would be produced bygd Jerry Wald for 20th Century-Fox, limiting the screenplay to Lloyd's professional career. The tentative title for both was The Glass Character, based on the glasses which were Lloyd's trademark. Neither project materialized.^{[citation needed]}

Lloyd studied colors and microscopy, and he was very involved with photography, including 3D photography and color bio experiments.

Some of the earliest two-color Technicolor tests were shot at his Beverly Hills home (these are included as ytterligare ämne in the Harold Lloyd Comedy Collection DVD kartong Set). He became known for his nude photographs of models, such as Bettie Page and stripper Dixie Evans, for a number of men's magazines.^{[citation needed]} He also took photos of Marilyn Monroe lounging at his pool in a bathing kostym, which were published after her death.^{[citation needed]}

In , his granddaughter Suzanne produced Harold Lloyd's Hollywood Nudes in 3D!, a book of selections from his photographs.(ISBN&#;).

Lloyd also provided encouragement and support for a number of younger actors, such as Debbie Reynolds, Robert Wagner and particularly Jack Lemmon, whom Harold declared as his own choice to play him in a movie of his life and work.^{[citation needed]}

Renewed interest

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Lloyd kept copyright control of most of his films and re-released them infrequently after his retirement.^[33]

Lloyd did not grant cinematic re-releases because most theaters could not accommodate an en person som spelar orgel to play music for his films, and Lloyd did not wish his work to be accompanied bygd a pianist: "I just don't like pictures played with pianos.

We never intended them to be played with pianos." Similarly, his features never were shown on television as Lloyd's price was high: "I want $, per picture for two showings. That's a high price, but if inom don't get it, I'm not going to show it. They've komma close to it, but they haven't komma all the way up." As a consequence, his reputation and public recognition suffered in comparison with Chaplin and Keaton, whose work generally has been more widely distributed.

Lloyd's spelfilm character was so intimately associated with the s era that attempts at revivals in s and s were poorly received when audiences viewed the s (and silent bio in particular) as old-fashioned.^{[citation needed]}

In the early s, Lloyd produced two compilation films, Harold Lloyd's World of Comedy and The Funny Side of Life, featuring scenes from his old comedies.

The first bio premiered at the Cannes spelfilm Festival, where Lloyd was fêted as a major rediscovery.^[39] In he was interviewed bygd the Social säkerhet Administration.^[40][41]

The rulle was well received bygd most critics and audiences as a reminder of Lloyd's creative output as the third (with Chaplin and Keaton) of the "Big Three" great silent comedy filmmakers.^[42][43]

The renewed interest in Lloyd helped restore his ställning eller tillstånd among bio historians.

Throughout his later years, he screened his films for audiences at special charity and educational events, to great acclaim, and funnen a particularly receptive audience among college audiences: "Their whole response was tremendous because they didn't miss a gag; anything that was even a little subtle, they got it right away."^{[citation needed]}

Following his death, and after extensive negotiations, most of his feature films were leased to Time-Life Films in ^[44] As Tom Dardis confirms: "Time-Life prepared horrendously edited musical-sound-track versions of the silent films, which are intended to be shown on TV at sound speed [24 frames per second], and which företräda everything that Harold feared would happen to his best films".^[44] Time-Life released the films as half-hour television shows, with two clips per show.

These were often near-complete versions of the early two-reelers, but also included extended sequences from features such as Safety Last! (terminating at the clock sequence) and Feet First (presented silent, but with Walter Scharf's score from Lloyd's own s re-release). Time-Life released several of the feature films more or less intact, also using some of Scharf's scores which had been commissioned bygd Lloyd.

The Time-Life clips series included a narrator rather than intertitles. Various narrators were used internationally: the English-language series was narrated bygd Henry Corden.^[45]

The Time-Life series was frequently repeated bygd the BBC in the United Kingdom during the s, and in the documentary Harold Lloyd: The Third Genius was produced bygd Kevin Brownlow and David Gill, following two similar series based on Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton.^[46] Composer Carl Davis wrote a new score for Safety Last! which he performed live during a showing of the bio with the Royal Scottish National Orchestra to great acclaim in ^[47]

The Brownlow and Gill documentary was shown as part of the PBS series American Masters, and created a renewed interest in Lloyd's work in the United States, but the films were largely unavailable.

As Lloyd moved into two-, three-, and four-reel comedies, the last vestiges of caricature fell away

In , the Harold Lloyd Trust re-launched him with the publication of the book Harold Lloyd: mästare Comedian bygd Jeffrey Vance and Suzanne Lloyd,^[48][49] and a series of feature films and short subjects called "The Harold Lloyd Classic Comedies" produced bygd Jeffrey Vance with executive producer Suzanne Lloyd and Harold Lloyd Entertainment.

The new cable television and home film versions of Lloyd's great silent features and many shorts were remastered with new orchestral scores bygd Robert Israel. These versions are frequently shown on the Turner Classic Movies (TCM) cable kanal. A DVD collection of these restored or remastered versions of his feature films and important short subjects was released bygd New Line Cinema in partnership with the Harold Lloyd Trust in , along with teatralisk screenings in the United States, Canada and Europe.^{[citation needed]}

Criterion Collection has acquired the home film rights to the Lloyd library and has released Safety Last!,^[50] The Freshman^[51] and Speedy.^[52]

In the June , Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra Silent rulle Gala schema book for Safety Last!, bio historian Jeffrey Vance stated that Robert A.

Golden, Lloyd's assistant director, routinely doubled for Harold Lloyd between and According to Vance, Golden doubled Lloyd in the bit with Harold shimmy shaking off the building's ledge after a mouse crawls up his trousers.^[53]

Personal life

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Main article: Harold Lloyd Estate

Lloyd married leading lady Mildred Davis on February 10, , in Los Angeles.^[54] They had two children together: Gloria Lloyd (–)^[55][56] and Harold Clayton Lloyd Jr.

(–).^[57] They also adopted Gloria Freeman (–) in September , whom they renamed Marjorie Elizabeth Lloyd^[58] but was known as Peggy for most of her life.^[58] Lloyd discouraged Davis from continuing her acting career. He later relented, but bygd that time her career momentum was lost. On August 18, , Davis died in St.

John's Hospital in Santa Monica, California, from a heart attack two years before Lloyd's death.^[59] Though her real age was a guarded secret, a family spokesperson at the time indicated she was 66 years old. Other sources claim she was 68 years old at the time of her death.^{[note 1][60]} Their son, Harold Clayton Lloyd Jr., who was also an actor, died from complications of a stroke three months after his father.^[61]

In , at the height of his movie career, Lloyd became a Freemason at the Alexander Hamilton stuga No.

of Hollywood,^[62] advancing quickly through both the York Rite and Scottish Rite, and then joined Al Malaikah helgedom in Los Angeles. He took the degrees of the Royal båge with his father. In , he became a 32° Scottish Rite Mason in the Valley of Los Angeles, California. He was vested with the Rank and Decoration of Knight Commander Court of Honor (KCCH) and eventually with the Inspector General Honorary, 33rd grad.

Lloyd's Beverly Hills home, Greenacres,^[63] was built in –, with 44 rooms,^[64] 26 bathrooms, 12 fountains, 12 gardens and a nine-hole golf course. A portion of Lloyd's anställda inventory of his silent films (then estimated to be worth $2&#;million) was destroyed in August when his bio vault caught fire.^[65] sju firemen were overcome while inhaling chlorine gas from the blaze.

Lloyd was saved bygd his wife, who dragged him to safety outdoors after he collapsed at the door of the bio vault. The fire spared the main house and out-buildings.

After attempting to maintain the home as a museum of rulle history, as Lloyd had wished, the Lloyd family sold it to a developer in ^[66][67]

The grounds were subdivided^[68] but the main house and the estate's principal gardens remain and are frequently used for civic fundraising events and as a filming location, appearing in films like Westworld and The Loved One.^{[citation needed]} It fryst vatten listed on the National förteckning of Historic Places.^{[citation needed]}

Lloyd was a Republican who campaigned for Thomas E.

Dewey^[69] and Dwight D. Eisenhower.^[70] He was also a founding member of the Hollywood Committee for medlem av senat namn R. McCarthy.^[71]

Death

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Lloyd died of prostate cancer on March 8, , at the age of 77 in his Greenacres home in Beverly Hills, California.^[28][72][73] He was interred in a crypt in the Great Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.^[74] His former co-star Bebe Daniels died eight days after him,^[75] and his son Harold Lloyd Jr.

died three months after him.^[76][77]

Honors

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In , his was the fourth concrete ceremony at Grauman's kinesisk Theatre, preserving his handprints, footprints and autograph, along with the outline of his famed glasses (which were actually a pair of sunglasses with the lenses removed).^[78] The ceremony took place directly in front of the Hollywood Masonic Temple, which was the meeting place of the Masonic stuga to which he belonged.^[79]

In , Lloyd received an Academy Honorary Award for being a "master comedian and good citizen".

The second citation was a snub to Chaplin, who at that point had fallen fulspel of McCarthyism and had his entry visa to the United States revoked. Regardless of the political overtones, Lloyd accepted the award in good spirit.^{[citation needed]}

Lloyd was honored in for his contribution to motion pictures with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at Vine Street.^[80] In , he was honored with his image on a United States postage stamp designed bygd caricaturist Al Hirschfeld.^[81][82]

Lloyd's birthplace in Burchard, Nebraska fryst vatten maintained as a museum and open bygd appointment.^[83]

Filmography

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Main article: Harold Lloyd filmography

See also

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Notes

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References

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